Financial managing application Essay

Introduction I am making a budget plan and am going to recommend financial managing application for the business as a business manager. The company is named Houzit Pty Ltd, it is a retailer for home wares. It is a growing business. It has 15 stores in Brisbane area. It has 150 staff members. It is registered with ASIC. As per the review of financial structure of this company the report below has been made. 1. The statutory requirements for tax compliances are listed below: * 9% of wages and salaries is to be calculated as superannuation for every quarter * 4.75% is payroll tax of wages and salaries for every quarter * Worker compensation is 2% of salaries and wages for every quarter * For every quarter the company tax is 30% of net profit before taxes. Current Liabilities: GST: Goods and service tax is a value added tax of 10% in most services and goods, it is imposed on most of the transactions but refunded later with certain process. Fringe benefit tax: this tax is applied to most non cash benefits that an employed provides. It is imposed on the employer. Payroll tax: it is a tax paid by employers to government. It is calculated as per the wages and salaries. It is different in different states in Australia. PAYG Withholding: pay as you go withholding is a way of paying ones tax in a year should one be an employee. Income tax: it’s a most important revenue stream in Australia. Income tax is imposed in earnings. 2. * Company must be registered as per the corporation Act 2001 * Tax must be paid regularly 13% of total income. * Auditing should be done. * Financial reporting to ASIC. 3. The name of software is arrow business software creators features are user experience with standard and dynamic menus dock able panels and seamless integration to Microsoft office application. * MYOB * Quick books Both these software are impressive at what they do. But both have similar strengths and weaknesses. But after being sophisticated in the accounts of business there can be few criticisms made in one of these products as for houzit. Quick books is not supported in Apple Macs, MYOB allows multiplication inventory where as quick books fades in this character. MYOB also allows multiple entities at a time but quick book does not. Hence, after looking at all this advantages and disadvantages, I’d recommend MYOB for Houzit. 4. Matching principle : the business that adopt matching principle can accurately evaluate their pin point financial performance and profitability for a certain time by cancelling the difference in the accounting entry timings. Account groups : assets, liabilities, owners equity, revenue and expenses makes up all of the statement of financial position and statement of financial performance. They show us the budgets and also the profit/ loss. Time period : to make a sound economic and financial decision we need time period. A business needs a timely decision in today’s world. The accounting period is the period of time over which 5. The implication of probity when revising and preparing budgets is financial probity. It involves insuring that there is full accountabilities with the funds management whether or not it is transaction related or in a form of an advice. It is also important that all of it is lawfully met as far as financial responsibility is concerned. 6. The dates are listed below: * Loan of $100000 on 31 dec * Advertisement budged increased by $70000 over 2010/11 * Salaries and wages rise $172500 in 2010/11 7. The items that are recommended for inclusion in budget sheets are listed below * Water bill * Transportation * Staff amenities * Office expenses 8. The modified internal controls that could improve risk management for the company are: * We need to follow rules and regulations * Also we have to apply and implement all the procedures * The time sheets and operating hours should be noted too Explanation: The reason for the past profit and losses could be the problem of the financial management software. As per the given care study, the software that has been used was not able to provide sufficient analysis of the generated revenue and the expenses which has made poor estimates about future profits and decision making. The growing of the customer base has helping loyalty sales and also new references of upcoming customers. This has reduced the advertisement cost. However the new software system is to be used to catch up for the company’s progression more efficiently. Mathematics: CGS = 16971237 – 7297632 = 963760 REFERENCES: www.wikipedia.org www.ato.gov.au www.asic.gov.au www.australia.gov.au www.moneysmart.gov.au

Whats Truly Going on with Persuasive Essay Free Samples

What's Truly Going on with Persuasive Essay Free Samples Feel free to request adjustments if you feel any component of the paper fails to fulfill your expectations. In conclusion, it's clear that there would be quite a few positive gains for individual workers in the event the work week were shortened. As a consequence, you get a fantastic deal of free time and completed homework. Yearly driving tests ought to be mandatory over a specific age. There are dozens of essays it's possible to browse at ProfEssays.com. A persuasive essay that is also known as an argumentative essay is a form of written document that's academic in nature. A good example essay will help it become feasible to analyze essay structure and outlines, along with writing and reference style. The greatest persuasive short essays often concentrate on controversial problems. So, you've been assigned with a persuasive essay but you don't have any idea what it appears like. For this reason, you should give because many information and information concerning the particular aspects you intend to discuss in your essay. First of all, you will need to choose the essay topic. The subsequent narrative essay examples will be able to help you begin writing your very own narrative essay. If you select a subject you enjoy, it is going to show in the outline. You may also gain from our on-line thesis statement examples and writing assistance if you have to finish your paper fast. It is possible to also learn to tie the numerous areas of the paper together to supply a cohesive reading. Don't hesitate to peruse through a number of the samples to obtain an idea about what your paper will look like if you decide to order from us. Should you need persuasive essay writing services for college then Students Assignment Help may be the ideal website to cater to your demands. Opt for a topic with which you're well informed. In our blog, you can discover general and specific writing tips about how to address academic papers. Make certain you find enough information sources, and be sure they're authoritative and dependable. Cite all info you use properly. Once you have decided on the subject, you have to look for sources of information. Before you begin with your research, make a list of all of the facts you know about this issue you've chosen. The Appeal of Persuasive Essay Free Samples Style essay falls under the class of lazy gossips. Books ought never to be banned. Every American should learn how to speak Spanish. He should learn to speak English. The Secret to Persuasive Essay Free Samples When compared to other kinds of literature out there, a persuasive college structure is distinguished by its effectiveness and concentrate on convincing the readers of a person's point of view. To fully grasp how women are portrayed as activists, it is crucial to have knowledge on the plot of the film. The issue with modern writing styles is that almost all authors do not appear to pay enough attention to readers' expectations. In general, there's a variety of good explanations for why you would rather not stay up the next time you really feel like working or studying at night. An excessive amount of money isn't a good thing. At times, the best method to learn and understand new information is by way of seeing and understanding work which is already completed. In case you had thought about using an illustration of a persuasive essay, then one of the very first things to be alert to is the chance of being caught for plagiarism. Following that, a top writer is going to be assigned to work on your purchase and produce top-notch content for your benefit. Women in the film are unwavering and prepared to provide their precious aid in a dire circumstance. Our mini guide on APA style essay can help you obtain understanding of the way the excellent bit of work should look like.

Declining Minority Physicians in California - 2044 Words

Minority care quality in California is rapidly declining because of the shortage of minority physicians in practice. One might wonder why such a problem exists, but differences in cultural and ethnic identities between doctors and patients alter the quality of care because of preexisting stereotypes, health disparities, and linguistic gaps. Minorities in California consist of those other than non-Hispanic whites, and with their growing presence, they are becoming further underrepresented in the medical field. The foundation of this problem is the declining number of minority students attending medical school and the lack of diversity in medical school faculty. With a greater ethnic diversity in the medical field, comes a better quality of†¦show more content†¦Even though programs like affirmative action help incorporate more diversity in employment and education, history still haunts the minorities of today and continues to affect their lives and careers, as evident in the n umber of minorities in the medical field. Medical schools also have their blame in the issues of diversity in the medical field. According to the article Diversity in Academic Medicine No. 1: Case for Minority Faculty Development Today, â€Å"the lack of URM [underrepresented minority] promotion in academic medicine might be the result of bias, specifically the stereotype that minorities are inferior† (Nivet el al. 492). The first step in promoting diversification in the medical field is diversifying medical school faculties and administrations, but with these biases, stereotypes, and ethnic rankings, medical schools aren’t able to establish the range of cultures necessary for minority success in medicine. With fewer minority faculty members being acquired or retained, one leads to the conclusion that racial biases, segregation, and elitism still exist in medical schools, and these faculties continue to pursue the wants and needs of the majority and tend to dismiss th e problem of diversity in the medical field. As mentioned in the article found in the Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine, â€Å"In 2006, the percentage of full professors who were white was 84%; the percentage of full professors who were URMs was 4.2%† (Nivet el al. 492). TenuredShow MoreRelatedAtlanta County, Texas Is The Sixth Largest County Essay1605 Words   |  7 PagesInstitute, Baylor Rehabilitation at Northwest Dallas from July 1, 2013-June 30, 2016, took the Dallas County Community Health Needs Assessment (CHNA) published in 2013 and adopted the needs of the community and prioritized them. Health Assessment â€Å"Minority and lower socioeconomic groups disproportionately lack health literacy-the degree to which a person can obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions† (The National Academics ofRead MoreEssay about Assisted Suicide Should Be Option1882 Words   |  8 Pagesmuch he loves you and how close you are, you stay an outsider. You are healthy.† This quote makes the point that no one knows exactly what someone with an incurable illness is going through. We are all outsiders. So, who is to say, for example, physician assisted suicide should be illegal? If a person has the constitutional right to live then a person should have the right to choose to die on his own terms. Also, if a person that is terminally ill chooses to opt for assisted suicide, the potentialRead MoreStark Law4961 Words   |  20 PagesSecurity Act (the Act) (42 U.S.C. 1395nn), also known as the physician self-referral law, or Sta rk Law, intends to prevent the misappropriation of or over utilization of healthcare that could result from incentivized diagnostic ordering protocols that may be a direct result of financial relationships that could influence healthcare decisions. The law is named for its author, United State Congressman Pete Stark, a Democrat from California, who authored and supported the creation of this piece of legislationRead MoreState Health Policy Analysis8008 Words   |  33 Pagesaccess. 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Its case was also not helped by the fact many of its users were people of poor and disenfranchised minority groups. It was also seen as a â€Å"gateway† drug to the use of harder drugs such as cocaine and heroin. Gary Cartwright, a news reporter and staff writer for Texas Monthly, states â€Å"Harry Anslinger, the zealous federal narcotics commissioner, suppliedRead MoreResume6916 Words   |  28 Pagesinsurance (Health Insurance Institute, 1980). But few were insured for primary or out-of-hospital care. Of the members of the general population who reported they had pains in the heart, 25 11 1996/Volume 18, Number 2 percent did not see a physician (Andersen and Anderson, 1967). The elderly were particularly hard hit. The classic example of the proposed Medicare beneficiary was the elderly schoolteacher, blameless after a career of work. 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About 91% of hospital expenditures and 99% of total physician services are financed by the public sector.[20] Ophthalmology and dental services account for a lot of the private expenditures in Canada. In the United States, with its mixed public-private system, 16% or 45 million

For All We Think We Know About Crime There Is Still Much

For all we think we know about crime there is still much we do not. Where we find crime, we find motives and this leads to the action of committing the crime. An area that we can look at in sociology that helps explain this idea is the knowledge of control theory. This theory helps uncover what processes or environments lead to a life of criminal acts while at the same time it allows for a chance to learn about our world from a social perspective. It will be important to investigate what in fact control theory is, how it applies to the world in a sociological manner and to explore the implication of the theory in real-time crime. As children, we learn to avoid things that will hurt us whether it be an open flame or a bully at school. The†¦show more content†¦The social control approach to understanding crime is one of the three major sociological perspectives in contemporary criminology. in the early years of the 20th century, sociologists in the United States often discussed social disorganization, the decline of society they saw occurring in immigrant communities and the slums of large cities. The high rates of crime and delinquency in these areas were symptoms of this breakdown. In disorganized areas, unemployment is high and families, schools, and neighborhoods are too powerless to control the behavior of their residents. The societies that we are a part of in turn shape our views of not just the types of crimes committed but also who commits them. Werther, we want to admit it or not crime itself is made up of stereotypes. For example, in American culture, we believe it is less likely for a CEO to commit a crime versus that of a minority in an inner city. The CEO is just as likely to commit a crime regardless of the power they hold. Power is also linked to delinquency the more power you have the more likely you are to abuse it at some point. The same can be said for those that are suppressed by power as they want to question the power over them, the more likely they are to challenge using tactics that are usually delinquent in some way. Looking now at the how this theory is implemented outside of theorizing and seeing it the ideas being executed in the example of juveniles involved in delinquency. Under theShow MoreRelatedA Picture Of Late Victorian London Of Sherlock Holmes Essay1615 Words   |  7 PagesVictorian London of Sherlock Holmes and how his thinking even helped today’s crime solving that was so intriguing that contemporary people living in London at the time did not realize he was making most of it up. For decades after the time the stories are set in people with a living memory of London deferred to Doyle’s descriptions and how his stories were related to crime scenes people thought were linked to real crimes in the Victorian age Finding the reality in Sherlock Holmes detective storiesRead MoreJeffrey Reiman, He Is The Author Of The Book The Richer930 Words   |  4 Pagesrecent economy system. This book is about the criminal justice system, and the main idea of the book is about the fa ilure in the criminal justice system. Also this book tells how bias is accompanied with a general refusal to remedy the causes of crime poverty and discrimination. This book can be said as critique of criminal justice. Reiman states thesis in his introduction as he claims that the goal of the American criminal justice system is not to eliminate crime or to achieve justice, but to projectRead MoreQuiz 1 Essay1068 Words   |  5 Pagesinnate and deterministic quality from birth, or is it something that one that all can control, as a matter of free will and choice, to be used when we need it in a calculated manner? At birth all people are born with aggression as a survival trait. As we educate ourselves as we have seen in the video â€Å"The Truth About Violence† even in an educated culture such as the United States we still have violence. Violent people and we are drawn to violent sports such as cage fighting and football. Even the mostRead MoreIs Rape A Crime Committed?1136 Words   |  5 PagesCrime, like many other topics, has common misconceptions. These misconceptions are proliferated by the biased media and other sources and is then passed down generations. People live their entire lives believing that a biased statement is a fact. They, in turn, teach those under them the same lies. The two misconceptions that will be discussed in this paper are about the common belief that rape is a crime committed by strangers and that â€Å"black on black† crime is a valid social construct. It willRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Not Be Legal1261 Words   |  6 Pagesshould not be legal because of two major reasonings. These reasons are, the death penalty takes the lives of many innocent people, and it also costs too much. The death penalty should not be legal because innocent people are wrongly convicted and killed. According to the Death Penalty Information Center, it puts innocent lives at risk. At least 4.1% of all defendants sentenced to death in the United States in the modern era are innocent (Death Penalty. Death Penalty. N.p., 15 Mar. 2014. Web. 02 May 2016)Read MoreDeath Penalty Should Be Punished The Same Way1360 Words   |  6 Pagestrue value of the crime they have committed, others maintain that these felons should not be given the death penalty, since many of them is what they want. In discussion of the death penalty, one controversial issue has been if we as the people have the right to take someone else’s life away. On one hand, many people will say yes to put a criminal that has harmed another innocent person in death row, argues that if they were capable of doing this with no remorse what so ever why we would feel compassionateRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Justified1491 Words   |  6 PagesPhilosophy In today’s society, crimes have risen in many forms. People tend to commit crimes even though the government clearly states the consequences for such actions taking place. One prime example is murder. 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Females must learn how to take aggressive actionRead MoreThe Effects Of Crime On The United States849 Words   |  4 Pageslaw nor really interacted with it so I can’t really say much. I will say that in Pennsylvania I use to live by Erie which had a pretty high crime rate and have been in the less admired parts of town or what people call the ghetto. I always saw the news of shootings and robbing mostly within that area. I was always upset by it, but I realized there was nothing I could do as a 10 year old. Missouri and Utah where I lived hardly had any crime I have experienced. The main issue there was speeding. Read MoreCapital Punishment Is The Ultimate Punishment1704 Words   |  7 Pageswant from the government if he had killed someone you know? He should receive the capital punishment. The capital punishment is the ultimate punishment given to the precarious crimes. It is the last stage of capita l punishment. 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China’s Olympic Torch Controversy Free Essays

In a world where media are able to put a glaring spotlight on certain events, actions done by ordinary individuals gain greater attention from other people. The internet further amplifies the magnitude of these events because people from other countries can immediately know what is happening. This enables them to draw their own conclusions regarding the actions that were just covered. We will write a custom essay sample on China’s Olympic Torch Controversy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Such is the case of the controversy surrounding the on-going Olympic Torch relay. What was supposed to be a journey that could promote peace and understanding among different cultures has turned into a fiasco. Protesters have come in full force to disrupt this event. From Paris to London, the world has to come to witness several people trying to grab the Olympic Torch. The protesters targeted this event as a venue to ventilate their sentiments regarding China’s treatment of the unrest that had erupted in Tibet last month where China sent its paramilitary forces to crackdown on the Tibetan protesters (â€Å"China’s View of the Olympic Torch†. 09 April 2008. TIME Magazine online). This has led to protest calls from various sectors especially in Western countries. Some clamor by asking China to stop its heavy handed treatment of dissenters in Tibet while others like Hillary Clinton have asked their governments to boycott the Beijing Olympics opening ceremonies as a strong disapproval of Beijing’s standing policy with regard to Tibet. This issue can be seen as part of a long standing question in international relations (â€Å"Clinton urges Bush to boycott Beijing Olympics†. 7 April 2008. Yahoo News). The question being, should individuals from other countries be involved in another country’s problems? To be able to generate an answer to this question, one must define the parameters for the terms individuals, involvement and problems. In the case of the individuals, there are two kinds that are pertinent to this discussion. These are the private citizens and the public officials. The ordinary citizens include those who try to disrupt the proceedings by attempting to wrest the Olympic torch and by displaying the Tibetan flag are examples of what are known as private citizens. Public officials refer to politicians in other countries that are expressing their dissent over the policies of other countries. Involvement is defined here as the actions done by the identified individuals. This may include cajoling, beseeching or pressuring officials through such acts disrupting the events or by issuing officials statements condemning the policies of the country in question. Problems, due to space constraints and timeliness, would be limited to issues on human rights. This issue is one of the most important points of contention between Western countries especially the United States and other nations such as China and Russia in recent years. This paper argues that involvement in issues such as human rights should be limited to the actions done by private citizens and that public officials should refrain from issuing official statements that criticizes the policies of other government’s with regard to human rights. Why is this so? If one is to look at the recent track record of the US government regarding the issue of human rights, one would find sufficient ammunition to fire back to the US side of the fence. The well-documented infamous cases of Abu Ghraib and Guantanamo prison camps highlight the abuses that are also taking place within the backyard of the United States. Theses cases have led some officials from both China and Russia to criticize the alleged double standards being practiced by the United States in its dealings with other countries. China and Russia often challenge the US claims made through official State Department reports regarding their respective human rights record (Cody A14). In a nutshell, they argued that before the US issues such official statements it should first see to it that its own house is in order. One could also consider the lack of efficacy of these official calls on these countries to reform. It had only infuriated them and their existing policies on human rights have not changed despite these repeated calls. Also, these official statements have contributed to making negotiations in other important areas such as security and trade even more difficult at best and highly contentious at worst. Now if one is to engage in involvement, one can argue that it would be best left in the hands of private citizens. This is warranted for several reasons. In an era where there have been numerous cases of human rights of abuses, there is a recognizable need to highlight this particular issue. The private citizens at this point are in the best position to do it for two reasons. One is that they are not burdened by the labels of hypocrisy and lacking in moral authority that have been attached to the US government in the aftermath of its prison camps fiasco. When an individual like Steven Spielberg protests by declaring himself unavailable to be a technical consultant for the Beijing Games he is not labeled as hypocrite and his message is delivered to the public. Two, private citizens who exhibit involvement; especially in the form of very dramatic forms of protests can get their much desired media mileage. They consequently derive public sympathy for their respective causes as well. One could cite the case of Olympic medalist Sebastian Coe who was manhandled by the paramilitary forces assigned by Beijing to protect the Olympic torch(â€Å"China’s View of the Olympic Torch†. April 2008. TIME Magazine online). The incident involving him generated substantial media attention on the protest against the Chinese government’s action on Tibet while not causing any direct problems among government officials. The protests done by ordinary citizens if carried by major news outfits can generate support from around the world wit hout exactly obliging their governments to issue officials statements that can adversely affect immediate and long-term relationships with countries whose policies are being questioned. How to cite China’s Olympic Torch Controversy, Papers

Solar Traffic Lights free essay sample

Most solar traffic lights use LED lamps as they are more reliable and have more advantages over other lighting devices like CFL lamps as they are more energy efficient, have a longer life span and turn on and turn off quickly. Solar traffic lights contain enclosures which house the batteries and the control panel circuitry. The other parts in a solar traffic light include a charge controller to control the charging and discharging of the battery and a countdown timer which displays the amount of time left before the battery discharges fully. Advantages †¢ Solar traffic lights are self sufficient as they do not require external power sources. †¢ They are easy to set up and operate. †¢ They require very little to no maintenance as they have no moving parts Types Traffic lights can have several additional lights for filter turns or bus lanes. This one in Warrington, United Kingdom, also shows the red + amber combination seen in a number of European countries. We will write a custom essay sample on Solar Traffic Lights or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It also shows the backing board and white border used to increase the target value of the signal head. Improved visibility of the signal head is achieved during the night by using the retro-reflective white border. [pic] | | | The simplest traffic light comprises either a single or a pair of colored aspects that warns any user of the shared right of way of a possible conflict or danger. [pic] †¢ Flashing Red: Treat as a stop sign. Also can signal the road is closed. †¢ Flashing Amber: Caution, crossing or road hazard ahead †¢ Flashing Green: Varies among jurisdiction; can give permission to go straight as well as make a left turn in front of opposing traffic (which is held by a steady red light), or can indicate the end of a green cycle before the light changes to a solid amber. Dual aspects | | These are often seen at railway crossings and at intersections of streets and emergency department driveways. They will flash amber when cross traffic is not expected, and turn red to stop traffic when cross traffic occurs. Three or more aspects The universal standard is for the red to be above the green, with amber placed in between. When mounted vertically red is on top, but when mounted horizontally the red lights location depends on the rule of the road, being on the left in a country that drives on the right and on the right in a country that drives on the left. pic] In addition to the standard red, amber, and green aspects, other aspects are usually mounted when intersection require more control (i. e. public transport, and permissive turns). Traffic lights in this configuration tend to have a delay between any entry points to allow any residual traffic in the intersection to clear. The delay can be dependent upon the type of intersection, traffic, and road conditions.

The Subjective Nature of Management Literature Review

Introduction Management practice is often assumed to be the execution of pre-set and pre-determined action plans which fall into place smoothly during actualisation. Managers are probably looked at as a group of professionals whose roles and responsibilities only mean turning strategies into reality.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Subjective Nature of Management: Literature Review specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Their work seems cut-out and only awaiting simple procedural implementation by those with the right technical know-how. However, in real life scenario, managers actually face more challenging tasks than simply executing what is written on paper. Organisations undergo a lot of challenges and obstacles, all of which seems to be conspiring to rebuff the attainment of such pre-set goals and objectives. This paper analyses in detail the subjective nature of management and explains how flexible the manage ment role should be if any tangible results have to be attained. Role Transitions in Management Any managerial role or duty undergoes a transition or change because of numerous reasons. The transition cycle of a manager can be thus summarised into 4 easy phases: Preparation All managers must have prior preparations about their anticipations and targeted goals and objectives. This process involves extensive and comprehensive planning where a manager lays out a number of alternative strategies to aid him in execution. The alternative strategies come about as a result of anticipated problems which may affect the entire running of the organisation. The future is shrouded in a lot of uncertain situations and conditions and therefore managers must give room during their planning in order to accommodate such uncertain scenarios (Atkinson, 1984). Encounter During this phase, managers are emotionally concerned about the task or challenge that lies ahead. Practically, managers at this phase e ngage in a lot of sense making activities in order to try and shape up and align the psychological state of their workers.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The understanding is that there are possibilities of encountering person-job misfit due to various reasons. It is not so obvious that a perfect match will be realised at 100 percent. There could be some individual shortcomings at the individual level which could limit their effectiveness and overall performance (Barley, 1989). Adjustment This phase directly builds from phase 2 which is encountering. The manager, after realising and noting misfits in his team, must make arrangements to correct the mistakes. Thus, adjustments will be done accordingly which will involve development of roles that perfectly matches personal capabilities such that any possibilities of misfit are addressed. The occurrence of an unanticipated busi ness situation must be addressed through a perfect readjustment of strategy because the company has to find a way out of the situation. Strategy readjustment is a very crucial stage because it could either make or break the organisation. If the adjustments are done in a perfect manner and in good time, the organisation will be able continue with operations without too much effect. However, delays in implementing readjustments may turn out to be costly to the firm even if the strategy itself is the best. Stabilisation The manager assumes that finally, the transition will attain stability where there is a perfect person-role fit. However, in actual sense, stabilisation is never permanent. It is a temporary state which managers should never sit back and enjoy. This is attributable to the fact that management is dynamic and is actually dictated with a lot of forces, some of which are external and the company has little control over. Therefore, as soon as things begin appearing stabilise d, the management should quickly think of restarting the entire process again because this is an endless life cycle. A stable condition, although is good and most preferred, must be constantly be observed to ensure deviations are not encountered. Transition challenges The transition process may not be an easy smooth ride for the manager as it may appear on paper. In some instances, the manager will face counter actions from the workers who do not approve or agree with the entire process. In some other instances, the transition could be taken positively which will ultimately result in a positive gain for both the worker and the organisation.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Subjective Nature of Management: Literature Review specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A worker who positively accepts the transition will often develop expectations that are positive and helpful. He will be more confident in coping with the e xpectations and enjoy in sense-making. Additionally, such a worker will target developing relations within the organisation through sustained trust, commitment, as well as effectiveness with tasks (Bauer Morrison Callister, 1998). On the other hand, workers who regard transition in bad light will often be fearful and express a lot of reluctance and lack of preparedness. During the encounter phase of the transition, managers will have a problem because such workers will always tend to be shocked. They feel dejected, and full of regrets. Trying to adjust such workers would only turn out to be disastrous as they will never fit in any role, they will generally be degraded and grieving. The imminent result of this scenario is failure to attain objectives as the worker may never reach the stabilisation stage (Coupland, 2002). Transition cycles and their implications The general understanding that success breeds success should be what governs managers in their roles to steer the organisat ion towards objectives and roles. Individuals in organisations are more likely faced with the possibility of being ‘locked in’ in their own assumptions of transition cycles. It is, however, possible to break this pattern following the intervention of numerous factors. Managers who themselves suffered from a terrible career mistake could occasion a very difficult work role transitions. For instance, the preparation stage of a transition cycle is meant to be a time to develop anticipation through modelling expectations, feelings, and motives. However, erroneous expectations will cause a highly negative mismatch thus resulting into an encounter phase that will be more consistent with a transition cycle that is only but negative (Jones, 1986). The switch from either transition could occur at any particular stage although it is more likely that it be witnessed during the encounter stage. Thus, managers need to ask themselves whether they really understand whatever they are p ursuing and whether the strategy they are planning to employ is the best suited.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Mistakes in management and decision making put the entire organisation at a very precarious position as it could mean loss of resources and time. Misapprehension right at the planning and preparation phase makes it difficult for the encounter stage to have any positive (Agyris Schon, 1978). Forming expectations Rousseau (2001) opines that workers in possession of high experiences in their roles and duties will most often have schemas that are more developed. Comparatively, experienced workers readily understand why they are working in a given organisation than fresh graduates from school. The latter care more about what it means for them to be employed in the organisation. Managers, on the other hand, determine a number of experiences which they consider as basic in helping with their decision making. These experiences build up right from childhood through to the time of making that actual decision. Managers who undertook responsibilities in their childhood, such as watching over s iblings, are more likely to draw their decisions from as far as such escapades. Influences to the manager in his or her early childhood life from role models, like teachers, also bear a lot of influence to their decision making process (Berger Luckmann, 1967). These experiences model the development of role schemas and self-schemas in managers. It is possible, therefore, that discernible experiences to the manager could be part of his decision making process. Decisions may also be affected by such variables as age, gender, and social class among many others (Hill, 2000). The proposals of these differences are not as a result of ‘individual difference’, such as traits or styles. Instead, their formation is based on commonality of experience which may result in individuals depicting similar schemas. A manager who has changed jobs has already undergone several transitions in terms of his occupation as well as in terms of organisational structure. Individuals who began wor k, changed organisations, got promoted, and studied for professional qualifications, for instance, can be grouped as experienced newcomers. Managers are poised to have high and elaborate schemata in as far as matters concerning their identity as professionals, as well as their roles are concerned. This will have a bearing on whatever work-role transition they undergo. Newcomers, on their part, will have their biographies and other past experiences influencing their initial experiences. It is of significant importance for both managers and organisations to give this issue a deeper thought. A new manager who has just joined the organisation may have different existing role schemas to those held by the workers in the organisation. Such a scenario is more likely to occur in cross-cultural management, where a manager from a different country may be posted to another country. Overly, representing the schemas’ content such that a mutual understanding of the organisation or individua l is realised could be a difficult thing (Mankiw, 1998). Issues for consideration by mangers during expectation A managerial role performance is inextricably connected with knowledge or understanding of how the organisation is set. Managers must understand the operations of an organisation for it to be able to attain desired results and objectives. Thus, managers should be fairly sophisticated in their field and also understand what the organisation’s construct and way of operation is. However, it is also thought that managers could be most useful at such a time of unfamiliarity. This is because they will look at the organisation and its existing workers in a different way. It thus makes it easier for them to question practices and operations that exist and change them for the getter (Louis, 1980). For managers, role expectation is a particularly challenging area because of the complexities that are involved. Organisations sometimes hire managers for the simple reason that th eir recruitment is against the grain of what exists in terms of individuals and organisational culture. The reason behind such hiring of new managers is to bring change I the organisation. It is important to point out, however, that such appointments often set the manager to a very complex work-role transition. It is common knowledge that all organisations would wish to have workers who will comfortably fit into the organisational structure. The presence of an ill-fitting individual, nonetheless, is done deliberately so that the individuals could encounter a tinge of discomfort. Encountering reality All organisations encounter a clash between their anticipations with what the real life situation offers. Such deviations are what enable managers to become aware of the real organisation environment. In other words, schemas will often be changed in such a way that they match the environment more accurately. Managers will find themselves in very unfamiliar position whenever their plans f ail to match the expectations. They are expected, in such a scenario, to get the organisation around the unfavourable condition or obstacle. Managing through such an unfavourable condition would call for introduction of drastic measures which are very different from the original ones that were being pursued by the organisation. The manager, therefore, has to spend time studying the unfavourable condition and determine what counter strategies could be more appropriate. This crisis planning is done within very limited time constraints as continued delay could further hurt the organisation’s prospects. A manager, therefore, has to revisit the transition cycle and rearrange it such that it would be possible for the results to reflect positively on the organisation. Planning should identify new aims and objectives that are different from the ones that existed before the uncertain condition occurred. Roles of the workers must also be swiftly rearranged depending on their individual strengths, experience, and capabilities. Workers must accurately be selected for their specific roles because the organisation has little time to gauge their performances. Although general theories about management could still be applied to help solve out the matter, the scenario becomes more subjective and requires that action be taken depending on what the challenge is like (Watson, 2001). Management knowledge and changing scenarios Management perspectives that were postulated by early scholars, including Marslow and Lewin, were never linearly related but rather recursive in nature. In other words, knowledge of management moves in different directions, allowing managers time and freedom to manipulate changes that could result in better performance. Management knowledge in itself is an epistemological chain of facts and thought. In pursuing the organisation’s goals and objectives, managers are free to use or even create tools that they deem relevant in the performance of th eir roles. They do this through transforming the complex epistemological theories that were postulated by early scholars, instead turning them into ontological heuristic that are more simplified (Rousseau, 1995). Paradoxically, the artifactual heuristics become atheoretical, where they are removed from the original theories that formulated them and applied by the managers. Managers must be able to derive independent constructs of a particular theory and employ its direct knowledge in order to enable him make proper judgement as pertains a realistic situation in his managerial duties. The key source of a manager’s next course of action when faced with a complex situation is a past experience. The selection process is also a key source of expectation which the manager relies on. The external forces upon which the organisation acts are continuous and managers should never sit back without thinking about how to react in case an unfavourable condition occurred. Currently, the glob al economic crisis continues to ravage economies across the world without basing on specific countries. The world economy is closely knitted and therefore whatever happens in one corner of the world is more likely to affect other areas either directly or indirectly. This realisation eliminates the need to focus on rigid frameworks because the organisation has to flexibly react on environmental changes. Some of the reactionary measures that managers undertake to mitigate the effects of the unsavoury situation includes laying workers off and cutting down on expenditure costs. These drastic measures means the organisation may not be within means of actualising the original objective or target of the organisation. However, it settles for a fallback objective that may overly not leave the organisation injured. When managers make drastic changes to the organisational goals and targets, their decision is mainly influenced by the firm’s profitability. Such expenditures as on workersà ¢â‚¬â„¢ salaries and other additional operations costs such as power and water bills are often targeted in ensuring that unnecessary spending is completely done away with. In dealing with the ongoing global economic crisis, some multinational firms have decided to close down their subsidiaries which are located in hard hit areas. Some other companies have shut down operations in their numerous divisions which seem to have low profitability levels while maintaining operations in divisions that are comparatively profitable enough (Chell, 1998). Career transition in management Expectations by managers transform over time as they gain experience in their performance. Managerial roles are intricate and the extensive work experience makes managers to have more elaborated schemas. The manager’s role, nonetheless, is shaped up by the numerous environmental mixes which, together, influence the activity and operations of organisation (Allen Meyer, 1990). Conclusion Organisations often identify their goals, aims, and objectives in advance before employing strategies that would enable the attainment of these set targets. Managers are charged with the responsibility of ensuring the organisation moves towards attaining these goals. Their knowledge and expertise is particularly very important in ensuring the organisation stays within course as it focuses on the goal. However, the environment within which organisations operate is not certain and a lot of factors affect the smooth running of the organisations thus making their initial targets unachievable. Managers are forced to readjust their actions in order to ensure that the targets could be achievable. One of the tools that managers use to try and realign the organisation is the transition cycle. This cycle enables managers to put plans across that the also anticipate changes along the way. Once the manager has planned, there needs to be an emotional and sense making process whose objective is to ensure all worker s within the organisation are perfectly arranged to perform roles. Where a mismatch may occur for one reason or the other, the manager needs to readjust his strategy so that it may fit within the objectives. Readjustment leads to stabilisation where the organisation maintains its performance within the parameters of the objective determine. This cycle is continuous and should never stop at any stage even if it appears as though the organisation is stable. List of References Agyris, C Schon, DA 1978, Organizational learning: A theory of action perspective, Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. Allen, NJ Meyer, JP 1990, ‘Organizational socialization tactics: A longitudinal analysis of links to newcomers’ commitment and role orientation’, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 33, pp. 847-858. Atkinson, J 1984. ‘Managing strategies for flexible organizations’, Personnel Management, Vol. 16 No. 8, pp. 28-31. Barley, SR 1989, â€Å"Careers, Identities and Institut ions: The legacy of the Chicago School of Sociology†, In M.B. Arthur, D.T. Hall B.S. Lawrence (Eds), Handbook of career theory, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Bauer, TN Morrison, EW, Callister, RR, 1998, ‘Organizational socialisation: A review and directions for future research’, Research in Personnel and Human Resource Management, Vol. 16, pp. 149-214. Berger, PL Luckmann, T, 1967, The social construction of reality, London: Penguin. Chell, E 1998, â€Å"Critical incident technique,† In Symon, G. and Cassell, C. (eds), Qualitative methods in organizational analysis and research: a practical guide, Penguin, London Coupland, C 2002, ‘Graduate trainees’ career narrative: fractured or flexible?’ Proceedings of the British Psychological Society Occupational Psychology Conference. Hill, RC 2000, ‘The case of the missing organizations: Co-operatives and the textbooks’, Journal of Economic Education, Vol. 31 No.3, pp. 28 1-296. Jones, GR 1986, ‘Socialisation tactics, self-efficacy, and newcomers’ adjustment to organizations’, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 29, pp. 262-279. Louis, MR 1980, ‘Surprise and sense making: What newcomers experience in entering unfamiliar organizational settings’, Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 25, pp. 226-251. Mankiw, NG 1998, ‘Rethinking economic principles: Critical essays on introductory textbooks’, Eastern Economic Journal, Vol. 24 No.1, pp. 117-120. Rousseau, DM 1995, Psychological contracts in organizations: understanding written and unwritten agreements, Sage, Newbury Park, CA Rousseau, DM 2001, ‘Schema, promise and mutuality: The building blocks of the psychological contract’, Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 74 No.4, pp. 511-542. Watson, TJ 2001, ‘The emergent manager and processes of management pre-learning’, Management Learning, Vol. 32 No.2, pp. 221-2 35 This essay on The Subjective Nature of Management: Literature Review was written and submitted by user Darth Maul to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.